数字微镜器件的相位调制性质

为了提高数字微镜器件(DMD)的空间光调制性能,发挥其在光信息处理中的作用,研究了的数字微镜器件相位调制性质。通过分析数字微镜器件的微观物理结构,考察了数字微镜器件的光栅特性;从计算的角度研究了其对相干光波的相位调制,并给出数学描述和实验结果。重点研究了数字微镜器件的衍射光栅特性,分析了其工作原理及微镜偏转导致的镜片空间相对位置的改变,利用闪耀光栅理论计算了偏转微镜间的相位差,得出了数字微镜器件光栅的闪耀规律,实现了闪耀状态。提出了利用不同方向的微镜列状态研究数字微镜器件相位调制性质的方法,推导和模拟了关于数字微镜器件的微结构和工作原理,在数字微镜器件光调制研究方面提供了一些结果,对数字微镜器件在信息光学中的更广泛应用有一定意义。     

基于光切法的表面粗糙度检测的图像处理研究

介绍了表面粗糙度的检测方法，阐述了利用视频化改造后的9J型光切显微镜，基于光切法的表面粗糙度检测的数字图像处理方法，利用Canny算子进行边缘检测和保持连通的边缘细化算法进行细化处理，得到了较为理想的表面粗糙度轮廓曲线，为后续的表面粗糙度参数的计算奠定了基础。     

数字图像相关中基于位移场局部最小二乘拟合的全场应变测量

为了从含噪声的位移场中计算得到可靠的应变场,提出一种基于位移场局部最小二乘拟合的全场应变求解方法。介绍了数字图像相关方法的原理,阐述了基于位移场局部最小二乘拟合的全场应变求解方法,并讨论了计算区域边界、孔洞及裂纹附近区域等情况下的应变计算。对均匀变形和中心带圆孔的薄铝板拉伸实验的计算结果表明,该方法能有效地从原始位移场数据中提取全场应变信息。在均匀变形情况下应选择大的应变计算窗口,计算结果更逼近真值;在非均匀变形情况下,如果位移场中包含较强的噪声,则应选择较大的应变计算窗口,而位移场精度很高时可选择更小的应变计算窗口。     

“测定空气中氧气含量”实验的改进

针对沪教版九年级化学教材中“测定空气中氧气含量”实验存在的不足,在文献研究的基础上设计和优化实验,得到一种利用铁粉吸氧腐蚀原理和连通器装置的改进方案。改进方案具有原料廉价易得、绿色环保、装置简约、操作简便、现象明显、动态可视、科学高效、安全可靠的优点。     

A New Algorithm for Digital Image Encryption Based on Chaos Theory

In recent decades, image encryption, as one of the significant information security fields, has attracted many researchers and scientists. However, several studies have been performed with different methods, and novel and useful algorithms have been suggested to improve secure image encryption schemes. Nowadays, chaotic methods have been found in diverse fields, such as the design of cryptosystems and image encryption. Chaotic methods-based digital image encryptions are a novel image encryption method. This technique uses random chaos sequences for encrypting images, and it is a highly-secured and fast method for image encryption. Limited accuracy is one of the disadvantages of this technique. This paper researches the chaos sequence and wavelet transform value to find gaps. Thus, a novel technique was proposed for digital image encryption and improved previous algorithms. The technique is run in MATLAB, and a comparison is made in terms of various performance metrics such as the Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Correlation coefficient, and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI). The simulation and theoretical analysis indicate the proposed scheme’s effectiveness and show that this technique is a suitable choice for actual image encryption.     

数字图像相关分析法增量位移场测试技术

利用位移场的连续性,对亚像素位移场的算法进行了一些改进,设计了一套分步计算位移场、应变场的测量计算方法,较好地解决了数字图像相关分析法计算精度和效率.采用增量位移场叠加的方法计算大应变位移场,采用局部平面拟合的方法计算应变场.通过对高分子材料拉伸试验位移场的测量和结果标定,说明该方法具有较强的实用性和计算精度.同时,由于避免了对亚像素点的搜索,大大提高了计算效率.     

结构信息熵与极大熵原理

文中首先从数学上证明了由结构应变能描述的信息熵是定义在凸集上的凸函数；又以静定杆系结构为对象，论证并讨论了极大熵原理。最后通过对静定与静不定杆系结构的数值模拟，揭示了结构的熵函数与杆系截面积之间的关系。     

激光测速数字相关信号处理器的研制

激光多普勒测速是当代流速测量技术中最具有实用价值和得到广泛应用的技术。多普勒信号处理器在整套测速系统中起着十分关键的作用。为赶超国际先进水平，本文作者独立研制开发出一种新型信号处理器。该处理器采用数字相关原理，对每个多普勒波群直接完成波群检测和自相关处理，得到其频率值。处理器与微机组成一体，各种参数的设置和控制全部采用软件。实测和应用表明，该信号处理器具有抗噪声能力强、功能完善、结构紧凑、成本低等优点，为实现智能化的信号处理和数据处理结合的激光测速系统创造了条件。     

后验概率算法用于位移场的确定

提出了一种基于贝叶斯最大后验估计算法确定固体表面位移场的方法。在图像处理过程中，把位移看作随机变量，首先建立贝叶斯模型，对变形前数字图像中的一个像素点，选定变形前后两幅数字图像中对应的圆形子区，将两子区所对应的所有可能位移逐一代入贝叶斯后验概率公式进行计算，使后验概率最大的位移值就是所求该点的位移。在得到整像素位移之后，引入亚像素重建技术，确定图像的精确位移场。本文通过计算机数字模拟实验和实物标准位移实验，验证了该方法的可行性，并得到了0．02pixel的位移测量精度。     

Evaluating the mechanical behavior of arterial tissue using digital image correlation

In this study, digital image correlation (DIC) was adopted to examine the mechanical behavior of arterial tissue from bovine aorta. Rectangular sections comprised of the intimal and medial layers were excised from the descending aorta and loaded in displacement control uniaxial tension up to 40 percent elongation. Specimens of silicon rubber sheet were also prepared and served as a benchmark material in the application of DIC for the evaluation of large strains; the elastomer was loaded to 50 percent elongation. The arterial specimens exhibited a non-linear hyperelastic stress-strain response and the stiffness increased with percent elongation. Using a bilinear model to describe the uniaxial behavior, the average minor and major elastic modulii were 192±8 KPa and 912±40 KPa, respectively. Poisson's ratio of the arterial sections increased with the magnitude of axial strain; the average Poisson's ratio was 0.17±0.02. Although the correlation coefficient obtained from image correlation decreased with the percent elongation, a correlation coefficient greater than 0.8 was achieved for the tissue experiments and exceeded that obtained in the evaluation of the elastomer. Based on results from this study, DIC may serve as a valuable method for the determination of mechanical properties of arteries and other soft tissues.